The concept of three-dimensional or 3d was introduced by Euclid of Alexandria who was also a student of Plato. 3d shapes can be explained as objects or solids comprising three dimensions namely length, breadth (width), and height. It can be further illustrated using examples like a cube, cuboid, cone and cylinder, and so on. The 3d Geometric shapes indulge vital terms like faces, edges, and vertices. These shapes can occupy volume because they have depth in their structures. The base of the 3d shapes is usually two- dimensional (2d).
Various Kinds of Three-Dimensional Shapes
- Cube and Cuboid: These 3D Geometric shapes consist of the same number of faces, edges, and vertices. The striking difference between a cube and a cuboid is that a cube’s six faces are square in shape and a cuboid is too made up of six faces but are rectangular in shape. However, cubes and cuboids have uncommon volumes and different surface areas.
- Cone: A cone is a three-dimensional geometric figure with a flat circular base following it up with a pointed tip. This top of the cone is called ‘apex’. Cone can also be explained as a triangle that is rotated. The presence of height and radius with a slant height together makes a cone.
- Cylinder: It is a three-dimensional shape covered with two circles faces, one lying at the top of it and the other at the bottom. A cylinder consists of height and radius. The height of the cylinder can be calculated by examining the distance between the top and bottom surfaces.
- Sphere: It is a 3D shape consisting of all the points on the surface which are of equal distance from the center. A sphere is symmetrical in nature. It also has a radius, diameter, volume, circumference, and surface area as its characteristics.
- Torus: It is a revolved version of a circle that has no vertices or edges. A torus can be better understood with examples like tire, doughnut, tire, ring, etc.
- Pyramid: A pyramid is made from a flat base, with an apex and triangular outer faces. Pyramids are found in many shapes such as squares, triangles, and quadrilaterals. A square pyramid has 5 faces, 8 edges, and 5 vertices.
Facts Related to Three-Dimensional Shapes
- Rhombicosidodecahedron is known to be the biggest 3D shape. It consists of 30 square faces, 20 triangular faces, 20 regular pentagonal faces,120 edges, and 60 vertices.
- The circle is considered the smallest 3D shape in geometry.
- The shape of the sphere is called the first curved 3D shape in which all the points are equidistant from the center.
- We have all heard of pyramids that resemble triangles. But people are rarely familiar with square pyramids, the Louvre pyramid which a popular museum in the city of Paris is built in a design the square pyramid.
- The three-dimensional or 3D shapes are created by adding depth to the 2D shapes or by rotating 2D shapes.
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